Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba

Independent, non-militia reporting described the same event with the same substance.

The event was independently reported, but a material detail in the claim — a casualty figure, a target, an attribution — was not borne out.

Independent reporting positively contradicted the claim. This is the only outcome that counts as a finding against the source.

No independent outlet reported it either way. This is not a finding of falsehood: Iraqi coverage is uneven, whole districts go unreported, and these channels are sometimes genuinely first.

The claim could never have left an independent trace — a statement of intent, an internal grievance, a prediction — so it was recorded but never scored.

“No independent record” does not mean false. It means no outlet outside the militia information space reported the event either way. Iraqi coverage is uneven, whole districts and whole weeks go unreported, and these channels are sometimes genuinely first. Only the contradicted column carries a positive finding against a source.

1 claim about events outside Iraq is reported here but never scored. This desk builds its independent record from reporting inside Iraq. A claimed strike on Eilat, Tower 22 or eastern Syria cannot be confirmed against Iraqi sources however true it is, so counting it as unconfirmed would measure our reach rather than the claim. Those claims stay in the total and in the analysis; they are kept out of every rate.