Read figure description
Circles count claim posts naming each place: Syria 4, Jordan 31, Kuwait 23, Bahrain 20, Saudi Arabia 4 and the UAE 1. Colour shares identify publishers. Both IRI channels form one category, with identical copies counted once. A post naming multiple places can appear at each place. The UAE claim names an attack on 20 March and was published on 11 April. These are claim posts, not verified attacks or unique operations.
Read figure description
Claim posts are mapped by named locality, including Iraqi Kurdistan, with broad areas kept broad. The circles retain publisher colour shares and explicit assessed-affiliation badges. Five map categories cover six publishing channels, because identical copies across the two IRI channels count once. Across both maps, 209 posts name locations; multi-location posts appear at each place. Counts are claim posts, not verified attacks or unique operations.